Abacus: Theory and Practical, Vol. 1

By Prashant Mishra

Abacus: Theory and Practical, Volume I is a complete theory guide with worked examples for every level, from Level 0 to Level 8 (Class 1 to Class 8+), aligned with NEP 2020. Part I covers the history and foundation of the abacus, including its origins across civilisations, its cognitive and academic benefits, types such as the Soroban, Suanpan and Schoty, and place value. Part II explains the theory of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, decimals, fractions and mental abacus (Anzan). Part III offers a level-wise theory guide, and Part IV addresses pedagogy, NEP 2020, finger technique, links with Vedic Mathematics, teacher's lesson plans and an assessment and certification framework. Appendices provide complement tables, a glossary and an NEP 2020 competency mapping index.